cite: USDA, NRCS. 2009. The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 1 Feb 2009). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA. vars <- c('Duration', 'Growth Habit', 'Native Status', 'Federal T/E Status', 'National Wetland Indicator', 'Active Growth Period', 'After Harvest Regrowth Rate', 'Bloat', 'C:N Ratio', 'Coppice Potential', 'Fall Conspicuous', 'Fire Resistant', 'Flower Color', 'Flower Conspicuous', 'Foliage Color', 'Foliage Porosity Summer', 'Foliage Porosity Winter', 'Foliage Texture', 'Fruit/Seed Color', 'Fruit/Seed Conspicuous', 'Growth Form', 'Growth Rate', 'Height at 20 Years', 'Height, Mature (feet)', 'Known Allelopath', 'Leaf Retention', 'Lifespan', 'Low Growing Grass', 'Nitrogen Fixation', 'Resprout Ability', 'Shape and Orientation', 'Toxicity', 'Adapted to Coarse Textured Soils', 'Adapted to Fine Textured Soils', 'Adapted to Medium Textured Soils', 'Anaerobic Tolerance', 'CaCO3 Tolerance', 'Cold Stratification Required', 'Drought Tolerance', 'Fertility Requirement', 'Fire Tolerance', 'Frost Free Days, Minimum', 'Hedge Tolerance', 'Moisture Use', 'pH, Minimum', 'pH, Maximum', 'Planting Density per Acre, Minimum', 'Planting Density per Acre, Maximum', 'Precipitation, Minimum', 'Precipitation, Maximum', 'Root Depth, Minimum (inches)', 'Salinity Tolerance', 'Shade Tolerance', 'Temperature, Minimum (°F)', 'Bloom Period', 'Commercial Availability', 'Fruit/Seed Abundance', 'Fruit/Seed Period Begin', 'Fruit/Seed Period End', 'Fruit/Seed Persistence', 'Propagated by Bare Root', 'Propagated by Bulb', 'Propagated by Container', 'Propagated by Corm', 'Propagated by Cuttings', 'Propagated by Seed', 'Propagated by Sod', 'Propagated by Sprigs', 'Propagated by Tubers', 'Seed per Pound', 'Seed Spread Rate', 'Seedling Vigor', 'Small Grain', 'Vegetative Spread Rate', 'Berry/Nut/Seed Product', 'Christmas Tree Product', 'Fodder Product', 'Fuelwood Product', 'Lumber Product', 'Naval Store Product', 'Nursery Stock Product', 'Palatable Browse Animal', 'Palatable Graze Animal', 'Palatable Human', 'Post Product', 'Protein Potential', 'Pulpwood Product', 'Veneer Product') Growth Habit, <> PLANTS Growth Habit Code PLANTS Description PLANTS Definition Notes FB Forb/herb Vascular plant without significant woody tissue above or at the ground. Forbs and herbs may be annual, biennial, or perennial but always lack significant thickening by secondary woody growth and have perennating buds borne at or below the ground surface. In PLANTS, graminoids are excluded but ferns, horsetails, lycopods, and whisk-ferns are included. Applies to vascular plants only. Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) definition includes graminoids, forbs, and ferns. GR Graminoid Grass or grass-like plant, including grasses (Poaceae), sedges (Cyperaceae), rushes (Juncaceae), arrow-grasses (Juncaginaceae), and quillworts (Isoetes). Applies to vascular plants only. An herb in the FGDC classification. LC Lichenous Organism generally recognized as a single "plant" that consists of a fungus and an alga or cyanobacterium living in symbiotic association. Often attached to solid objects such as rocks or living or dead wood rather than soil. Applies to lichens only, which are not true plants. LI Liana Climbing plant found in tropical forests with long, woody rope-like stems of anomalous anatomical structure. Applies to vascular plants only. In PLANTS, mutually exclusive with VI (Vine). A shrub in the FGDC classification. NP Nonvascular Nonvascular, terrestrial green plant, including mosses, hornworts, and liverworts. Always herbaceous, often attached to solid objects such as rocks or living or dead wood rather than soil. Applies to non-vascular plants only; in PLANTS system this is groups HN (Hornworts), LV (Liverworts), and MS (Mosses). SH Shrub Perennial, multi-stemmed woody plant that is usually less than 4 to 5 meters (13 to 16 feet) in height. Shrubs typically have several stems arising from or near the ground, but may be taller than 5 meters or single-stemmed under certain environmental conditions. Applies to vascular plants only. SS Subshrub Low-growing shrub usually under 0.5 m (1.5 feet) tall, never exceeding 1 meter (3 feet) tall at maturity. Applies to vascular plants only. A dwarf-shrub in the FGDC classification. TR Tree Perennial, woody plant with a single stem (trunk), normally greater than 4 to 5 meters (13 to 16 feet) in height; under certain environmental conditions, some tree species may develop a multi-stemmed or short growth form (less than 4 meters or 13 feet in height). Applies to vascular plants only. UN Unknown Growth form is unknown. VI Vine Twining/climbing plant with relatively long stems, can be woody or herbaceous. Applies to vascular plants only. In PLANTS, mutually exclusive with LI (Liana). FGDC classification considers woody vines to be shrubs and herbaceous vines to be herbs. Native Status Native Jurisdiction Code Description L48 Lower 48 States AK Alaska HI Hawaii PR Puerto Rico VI U.S. Virgin Islands CAN Canada GL Greenland (Denmark) SPM St. Pierre and Miquelon (France) NA North America (non-vascular Native Status is at this level only) Native Status Code Description Native: N Native N? Probably Native NI Native and Introduced - some infra-taxa are native and others are introduced NI? Native and Probably Introduced - some infra-taxa are native and others are probably introduced Introduced: GP Garden persistent - persists around gardens and old habitations, not naturalized GP? Probably Garden persistent - persists around gardens and old habitations, not naturalized I Introduced I? Probably Introduced N?I Probably Native and Introduced - some infra-taxa are probably native and others are introduced W Waif - an ephemeral introduction, not persistently naturalized W? Probably a Waif - an ephemeral introduction, not persistently naturalized Wetland Indicator Status, Indicator categories Indicator Code Wetland Type Comment OBL Obligate Wetland Occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in wetlands. FACW Facultative Wetland Usually occurs in wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in non-wetlands. FAC Facultative Equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability 34%-66%). FACU Facultative Upland Usually occurs in non-wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found on wetlands (estimated probability 1%-33%). UPL Obligate Upland Occurs in wetlands in another region, but occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in non-wetlands in the regions specified. If a species does not occur in wetlands in any region, it is not on the National List. NA No agreement The regional panel was not able to reach a unanimous decision on this species. NI No indicator Insufficient information was available to determine an indicator status. NO No occurrence The species does not occur in that region.